HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES ON THE PROSTATE GLAND: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL DEGENERATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health priority, with increasing evidence suggesting its role in systemic organ dysfunction, including the male reproductive system. While the relationship between DM and prostate neoplasia remains debated, the immediate structural impact of hyperglycemia on prostate tissue requires further elucidation. Methods: This study utilized thirty Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three cohorts: Negative Control (distilled water), Diabetic Untreated (alloxan-induced, 150 mg/kg), and Diabetic Treated (glibenclamide, 5 mg/kg/day). Histopathological assessments were conducted via Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining following a 14-day experimental period.

 Results: Untreated diabetic rats exhibited significantly elevated fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) compared to control and treated groups. Histological analysis revealed marked regressive changes in the untreated group, including the absence of luminal eosinophilic secretions and a significant reduction in papillary epithelial infoldings. In contrast, glibenclamide treatment partially preserved acinar architecture and secretion profiles.

Conclusion: Short-term alloxan-induced hyperglycemia induces rapid structural adaptation and physiological impairment in the prostate, underscoring the need for early glycemic management to mitigate reproductive organ damage.